Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden
Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden (XTBG), a UNESCO-recognized biodiversity haven in Yunnan, China, is a paradise for nature lovers and researchers alike. Established in 1959 and spanning 1,125 hectares, it is China’s largest tropical botanical garden, home to over 13,000 plant species, including rare orchids, ancient cycads, and towering dipterocarp trees. Renowned for its conservation efforts, scientific research, and eco-tourism, XTBG welcomes over 1 million visitors annually, offering immersive experiences in lush rainforests, bamboo groves, and ethnic minority-inspired gardens.
HistoricalOverview
Founded by botanist Cai Xitao in 1959, XTBG was established to protect China’s tropical flora and conduct pioneering research on plant diversity. In 1986, it joined the Botanic Gardens Conservation International (BGCI) network, solidifying its global role in conservation. The 1990s saw the launch of the "Seed Bank of Tropical Plants" and collaborations with international institutions like Kew Gardens. In 2011, UNESCO designated XTBG as part of the "Three Parallel Rivers of Yunnan Protected Areas," highlighting its ecological significance. Today, it hosts the annual International Orchid Show and publishes groundbreaking studies on climate-resilient crops.
GardenLayout&Zones
XTBG is divided into thematic zones, each showcasing unique ecosystems:
Tropical Rainforest Zone: A 250-hectare primary forest with canopy walkways, featuring giant fig trees and wild elephants (seasonal sightings).
Orchid Pavilion: A glasshouse displaying 1,200+ orchid species, including the endangered Paphiopedilum armeniacum.
Ethnobotanical Garden: Plants used by the Dai and Hani ethnic groups for medicine, dyeing, and crafts, such as indigo and betel nut palms.
Bamboo Grove: Over 300 bamboo species, including the giant Dendrocalamus sinicus.
Wild Cactus & Succulent Garden: Arid-zone plants from Africa and the Americas, contrasting with the surrounding rainforest.
ConservationEfforts
XTBG leads in endangered species protection, with projects like the Hopea hainanensis (a critically endangered tree) breeding program and the "Tropical Forest Restoration Initiative." Its seed bank preserves 30,000+ samples, while the "Living Fossil Garden" safeguards ancient plants like the Ginkgo biloba. The garden also collaborates with local communities to combat illegal logging and promote sustainable farming.
Research&Education
As a hub for tropical botany, XTBG hosts 200+ researchers annually, focusing on climate change, ethnobotany, and biotechnology. Its Tropical Crops Genetic Resources Institute develops drought-resistant rice and medicinal plants. Educational programs include workshops on rainforest ecology, orchid cultivation, and field courses for students worldwide.
RecreationalActivities
Visitors can hike the 18-km "Green Stone Forest Trail," paddle a canoe on the Luosuo River, or stay overnight at the eco-lodge. Seasonal highlights include the Butterfly Valley (March–May), where millions of butterflies emerge, and the "Night Safari" to spot nocturnal creatures like civets and slow lorises. The garden’s café serves organic coffee grown on-site.
CulturalHighlights
XTBG celebrates the Dai ethnic culture through festivals like Water-Splashing Festival (April) and the "Bamboo Dance" performance. The "Tropical Plant Art Museum" displays botanical illustrations and sculptures, while the "Herbal Medicine Trail" explains traditional Dai healing practices.
VisitorInformation
Best Time to Visit: November–April (dry season) for hiking; May–October for lush greenery and waterfalls.
Tickets: ¥80/adult; free for children under 1.2m. Guided tours (¥150) include a botanist-led walk.
Transportation: 1-hour drive from Jinghong City; buses depart hourly from the Northern Bus Station.
Essentials: Wear hiking boots, insect repellent, and a hat. Bring a reusable water bottle (filling stations available).
